How fast do turbochargers typically rotate?

Turbochargers typically rotate at very high speeds to efficiently compress air and increase engine power. The correct range, which is between 10,000 to over 100,000 revolutions per minute (rpm), highlights the extreme performance and engineering involved in turbocharger design. These high rotational speeds are necessary to achieve the required boost pressure, allowing the engine to draw in more air for combustion, which enhances its power output.

Turbochargers operate under high temperatures and pressures, which necessitate their high-speed operation; it ensures maximum airflow and efficiency. This high-speed capability differentiates turbochargers from other engine components, where lower rotational speeds are the norm.

Other options fall outside the typical operational speeds of turbochargers. The range of 5000 to 20000 rpm, for example, is below the necessary threshold to generate adequate boost. Similarly, while 20000 to 50000 rpm falls somewhat within a plausible range, it does not encompass the upper limits that modern turbochargers can achieve. Lastly, 7000 to 30000 rpm is also limited, as it does not reach the extreme performance levels that define effective turbocharging systems.