What do transformers use to adjust voltage?

Transformers operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction to adjust voltage levels. The key to this function is the relationship between the number of turns in the primary and secondary coils. By altering the number of turns in the secondary coil, transformers can effectively step up or step down voltage.

When the number of turns in the primary coil is different from that in the secondary coil, it creates a specific turns ratio. This turns ratio is fundamental to determining how the voltage is adjusted; if the secondary coil has more turns than the primary, the voltage is increased (step-up transformer). Conversely, if the secondary coil has fewer turns, the voltage is decreased (step-down transformer). Thus, maximizing the efficiency of voltage conversion relies on manipulating the turns rather than changing the physical size of the coils or altering the core material.

This principle is essential for the functioning of a transformer in electrical power production, enabling the safe and effective transmission of electricity at various voltage levels for different applications.