What is the expected output of a standard single-phase alternator under normal conditions?

The expected output of a standard single-phase alternator under normal conditions is single-phase voltage. A single-phase alternator is designed specifically to generate electricity in a single-phase system, which is commonly used for a variety of applications, particularly in residential and small commercial scenarios. This type of system provides an alternating current (AC) voltage that oscillates in a sinusoidal manner, which is suitable for powering single-phase electrical loads.

In contrast, three-phase voltage is generated by a three-phase alternator, which uses multiple sets of coils to produce three distinct voltages that are out of phase with one another. Direct current output is not produced by an alternator, as it generates alternating current. Rectified AC refers to AC that has been converted to direct current through the use of diodes or other rectification systems, which is not the native output of a single-phase alternator either. Therefore, the primary output that aligns with the design and function of a single-phase alternator is indeed single-phase voltage.